What Are Ice Dams?

Common Causes of Ice Dams:

• Inadequate attic insulation allows warm air to escape into the attic, warming the roof and causing snow to melt.

• Poor attic ventilation prevents heat from escaping and contributes to uneven roof temperatures.

• Roof pitch: Low-pitched roofs are more prone to ice dams because water drains more slowly.

• Climate conditions: Fluctuating temperatures with snow followed by thawing and freezing cycles create ideal conditions for ice dam formation.

Remedies for Ice Dams:

Immediate Removal of Ice Dams:

• Steamers: Use a steamer to melt the ice gently without damaging the roofing material.

• Hot Water: Apply hot water (130°F / 54°C) directly onto the ice to melt it slowly and allow drainage.

• Ice Melt Products: Use calcium chloride or magnesium chloride to melt the ice. Apply granular or liquid ice melt directly to the ice dam.

• Roof Rakes: Gently remove snow and ice from the roof using a long-handled roof rake. Be cautious not to damage shingles.

• Ice Picks or Pry Bars: Carefully break apart the ice using tools like ice picks, but avoid excessive force to prevent shingle damage.

Long-Term Prevention:

• Improve Attic Insulation: Ensure proper insulation in the attic to prevent warm air from escaping and melting the snow on the roof. Aim for an R-value of R-38 to R-60 based on climate zone.

• Enhance Roof Ventilation: Install proper soffit and ridge vents to allow cool air to enter and warm air to escape, maintaining a consistent roof temperature.

• Install Ice and Water Shield: During roof installation or replacement, install an ice and water shield membrane at the eaves to prevent water from penetrating under shingles.

• Heating Cables or Mats: Install roof heating cables or de-icing mats along the roofline and in gutters to keep water flowing and prevent ice buildup.

• Snow Removal: After a heavy snowfall, remove snow from the roof to prevent accumulation that can lead to ice dam formation.

By addressing both the immediate removal and long-term prevention of ice dams, roofing professionals can effectively protect roofs from winter damage.