Roofing Basics 101

1. Types of Roofs

• Gable Roof: The most common style with two sloping sides that meet at a ridge, forming a triangle.
• Hip Roof: All sides slope downward towards the walls, usually with a gentle slope.
• Flat Roof: A roof with little to no slope, often found in modern architecture.
• Mansard Roof: A four-sided roof with a double slope on each side.
• Shed Roof: A single, sloping roof often used for home additions.

2. Roofing Materials

Different materials are used based on climate, aesthetic preferences, and budget:

• Asphalt Shingles: The most common material for residential roofs due to its affordability and variety.
• Metal Roofing: Durable, energy-efficient, and suitable for various climates.
• Wood Shingles/Shakes: Provides a natural aesthetic but requires regular maintenance.
• Slate: Long-lasting and beautiful but can be expensive.
• Clay or Concrete Tiles: Durable and energy-efficient, often used in warmer climates.
• Rubber Roofing (EPDM): Often used for flat roofs; it's durable and low-maintenance.

3. Roof Structure

• Decking (Sheathing): The foundation layer made of plywood or oriented strand board (OSB) that supports the roofing material.
• Trusses: The structural framework that supports the roof, typically made of wood or metal.
• Rafters: The sloping beams that support the roof deck.
• Underlayment: A protective barrier, often felt or synthetic, placed between the decking and the roofing material to provide extra weather protection.

4. Key Roofing Components

• Eaves: The edge of the roof that overhangs the walls of the house.
• Ridge: The peak where two sloping sides of a gable roof meet.
• Valleys: The interior angle formed by two intersecting roof planes.
• Flashings: Metal pieces used to seal joints and prevent water from entering vulnerable areas like chimneys, vents, and valleys.
• Ventilation: Proper ventilation prevents moisture buildup and heat retention in the attic, which can lead to mold or roof damage.

5. Roof Installation

The process involves several steps:

• Remove old roofing: If replacing a roof, the old material is removed, and the decking is inspected.
• Install underlayment: A protective layer is laid over the decking.
• Lay down shingles/tiles/other materials: The chosen roofing material is applied from the bottom to the top, overlapping each row for water resistance.
• Install flashings: Flashings are installed around chimneys, skylights, and valleys to prevent water infiltration.
• Roof vents: Install vents to promote airflow and prevent moisture buildup.

6. Roof Maintenance

Regular roof maintenance is essential for longevity:

• Inspect regularly: Check for damaged shingles, flashing issues, or debris buildup in gutters.
• Clean gutters: Ensure gutters are clear of leaves and debris to prevent water backup.
• Check for leaks: Look for signs of leaks inside your home or on the roof surface.
• Trim trees: Keep branches from rubbing against the roof or growing too close to the roofline.

7. Roofing Safety

Roofing can be dangerous, so safety is crucial:

• Always use proper safety equipment like harnesses, ropes, and non-slip footwear.
• Hire professional roofers for large jobs or if you’re not comfortable with heights.
• Work during dry, clear days to avoid slippery surfaces.